Residue Classes
In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic operations for integers, differing from the usual ones in that numbers "wrap around" when reaching or exceeding a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to number theory using modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, published in 1801.
[a] = { x: x ≡ a (mod m) }
a =
m =
Additive Inverse of []
1
Multiplicative Inverse of []
0